What Has Caught Her Eye?

The chickens spend a lot of time in the woods. I can follow them and watch where they go, but what is it that they see with their amazing eyes? (see Disordered Hyperuniformity) Do they care about the tulips blooming at the edge of the woods? What about the bleeding hearts on the forest floor? Or the new fern leaves? The massive old tree trunks? The bark path? The skunk cabbage?

Or is everything just about what looks good to eat? The slightest movement of a bug. The new berries. The new shoots.

What has caught her eye? Does it make any difference if a laying hen spends hours foraging through a forest, or spends all day surrounded by tens of thousands of other hens in a laying house? The next time you buy an egg, stop and think what the hen who laid that egg saw that day.

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Soft on Their Feet? Imagine the Impossible

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When a chicken walks over moss in the woods, does it notice how soft it is? Does it pause, close it’s eyes and wriggle it’s toes in the moss?

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The one month old chicks are quite independent now. Can you spot the chick in this photo? She’s a long way from her mother and even her siblings.

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Her siblings are also on their own. But they are all wondering where their mother is. They keep chirping for her. “Mother! Mother! Mother! Where are you?” they keep calling. “We’re over here! We’re over here!”

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She hears their calls and joins them. What is interesting about hen and chick conversation, is that when chicks get lost, the hens do not respond to their calls by clucking. When a chick is lost or can’t see its mother, it will start chirping and chirp very loudly. The mother will go looking for it, but while the chick is chirping, she does not call back to let the chick know where she is.

But mothers are not always silent. When they find something good to eat, or when they sense danger, they have specific calls they make to alert their chicks. But if a chick should go missing, it’s up to the chick to tell it’s mother where it is.


This morning, Hazel has found a new nest to lay her egg. Most hens move around, laying eggs in a nest for a week or two, and then finding another nest. Someone will need to do a doctorate dissertation on the nest selection process hens use to pick out nests. This information could then be used for predictive analysis. This would enable someone with a flock of chickens to know each day, where each of the hens was going to lay her egg. This could be matched with their laying cycle, and an app on your iPhone could alert you in five or ten minutes in advance, where each hen in the flock was going to lay an egg. You could then set up your egg collection schedule to optimize egg collection.

Such information could free millions of hens from their cages and cramped egg laying houses. They could be set free onto pasture and woodland. A small army of slow moving, egg collecting robots could be directed to arrive at each nest, a few minutes after each egg was laid, to collect it. The system could also know each hen’s laying habits. Does she leave the nest immediately after laying her egg? Or does she settle down for five or ten minutes afterward? This way the robot could arrive precisely at the moment the hen leaves the nest. Since the robot would have information as to which hen’s egg it was collecting, it could stamp that information on the egg along with the date and time.

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Customers would then have the ability to specify, “I only want eggs from Hazel,” or “I only want eggs from Barred Rocks.” The customization such a system could provide would be unlimited. Knowing each hen’s laying history, customers could request things like, “Give me a carton of the 100th egg hens have laid,” or “Give me eggs laid between 9:00 a.m. and 9:05 a.m.” Coupled with delivery robots, the system could deliver all the eggs directly to customers within hours of laying, or even faster. For those demanding customers who insist on receiving eggs so fresh they are still warm, the delivery robots could rush the eggs into the customer’s hands within a few minutes. Then the lucky customers could feel the still warm egg, close their eyes, and feel at one with the hen who laid the egg. They could magically sense that their egg was truly a living thing. Buying cold, supermarket eggs would soon be considered gauche, something no decent person would do. And the chickens could live lives of utmost bliss.

To create the future, you have to think fantastic thoughts.

Red Hands

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This is what happens to your hands when you strip the bark off alder with your bare hands. It’s no wonder that alder bark is used to dye fabric. The type of alder that grows in this area is Alnus rubra – red alder. It grows along the Pacific coast from northern California into southern Alaska. When you first strip the bark off, the wood is a pale yellow (see Posts – Nature’s Gift), but it soon darkens to a deep red-brown, and looks like it has been stained.

And here are some links about dyeing with red alder and other plants.

Battle Scarred

There is no denying that violence is an integral part of chicken society. Battles erupt between chickens primarily over space. Hens will make a fuss if another hen is using the nest she wants to use. Roosters will fight over hens and territory. In a way, they fight over the same things people do. Giving chickens plenty of space, keeps these turf battles to a minimum.

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Their feet, claws, and spurs are a rooster’s primary weapons. They also use their beaks and wings when they fight. And when I need to remove an especially aggressive rooster, I can see his battle scars clearly on his skin.

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I wonder if we don’t make a mistake when we underestimate the genetic underpinnings of human behavior. You can see the impulse of males in many animal species to battle over females and territory. What we humans do, looks a lot like what roosters and hens do, only on a grand scale. We may think instinct has no bearing on what we do, but maybe we are more driven by instinct than we think.

A Little Rain – A Morning Round

Even a steady rain doesn’t stop the chickens from being outdoors. A rain-soaked Sven, so wet his tail feathers drag on the ground, doesn’t seek shelter as he stands guard. I’m making one of my morning rounds, and here are just a few things I saw in less than an hour, as I check on the chickens, give them some feed, look for eggs, and make sure they have fresh water – though in this rain, there is water everywhere.

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The rain is making everything grow with new plants coming into bloom every day.

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Wet Billy enjoys the company of a hen as he waits out the rain under a plum tree.

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And Red Riding Hood tells me to back off when I walk past her nest.

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What Laying Hens Deserve

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This is how one hen lays her egg. Afterwards, she spends a few minutes doing a little nesting, and then she leaves the nest. Each hen is different. Some leave the nest soon after laying their eggs. Others will settle down afterwards and sit for awhile.

What they all need are quiet, soft, clean nests with plenty of straw. What no hen deserves is to be locked in a wire cage, unable to be outdoors and enjoy the sun and rain, or unable to lay her egg in a soft nest.

What no hen deserves is to be housed with tens of thousands of other hens in crowded laying houses, where there is no peace and quiet, no quiet walks in the woods, no hunting for food through tall grass, and no sunshine.

FDA’s Response Regarding Heavy Metals in Imported Food

When I read that the Government of China reported that nearly 20% of its farmland was contaminated with heavy metals and toxins, and knowing that billions of dollars worth of Chinese agricultural products were coming into the US, I sent the following inquiry to the Food and Drug Administration:

The Chinese government recently disclosed that nearly 20% of the farmland in China is contaminated with heavy metals and other toxins. The US imports some $4 billion dollars of food products from China including fish, fruit juices, garlic and numerous other items. How much monitoring does the FDA do for heavy metals and other toxins in this food imported from China? What percentage of the food shipments into the US from China are examined for heavy metals?

Today, I received the following reply from the FDA:

Generally speaking, FDA does not have regulations specifying maximum limits for heavy metals in food. In the case of bottled water, FDA by regulation has established limits for certain contaminants, e.g., lead, because it is required to do so by law. In addition, FDA has established guidance levels for lead in some foods such as candy and wine in which we have in the past found lead at levels of public health concern.
By law, manufacturers may not sell a food product that contains a contaminant in an amount that may render the product injurious to health. Such a food is adulterated under the law. Whether the presence of a specific amount of a heavy metal adulterates a particular food is considered on a case-by-case basis. Such a determination would depend on factors such as the amount of the heavy metal, who is consuming the food (i.e., infant, child, adult, pregnant women), and the expected food consumption.
New regulations FDA has proposed to establish under the Food Safety Modernization Act will place additional responsibilities on manufacturers for ensuring that their food is safe, including determining whether their food could contain any contaminant that could adulterate their product.

In other words, the FDA is currently not checking to see if food imported from China is contaminated with the heavy metals and toxins the government of China reports is in nearly 20% of Chinese farmland. It is relying on the importers and sellers of these products to regulate themselves.

How Apple Pie Starts

This is how apple pie starts – as a small flower. It’s late April and the apple trees are blooming several weeks early. Soon, wild bees will pollinate these flowers, and all summer long the apples will soak in the sunshine and grow until they are ready, in early fall, to be eaten right off the tree or made into apple pie. From now into fall, the air buzzes with the sound of wild bees. According to Wild Bees as Alternative Pollinators, by the Penn State:Fruit Research and Extension Center, there are “3,500 bee species other than the honey bee which are also important pollinators of most specialty crops in the U.S.” 80% of bees are ground nesting, so it’s critical to have undisturbed land to provide habitat for these bees to thrive.

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The elderberry bushes are also in full bloom. Come June, they will provide plenty of red fruits for wild birds to eat.

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The garlic patch is nearly knee high. Lucky, Billy, and Imelda are looking for something to eat along the edges of the garlic patch. Lucky is the most curious hen at a man and his hoe®. No matter where we go, she is sure to come along to see what we are doing. And Imelda seems to have been smitten with Billy, the five year old rooster. Wherever he goes, she follows. At a typical egg or poultry farm, hens and roosters never get to develop these romances. It’s one of the benefits of being a chicken at a man and his hoe®.

Articles on wild bees:

Transitions

The gang of 5 chicks born March 25 are nearly a month old and spending more time away from their mother. This afternoon I found them resting together, their mother happily feeding by herself.

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While these one day chicks, born on Easter, are getting their first taste of life outside the nest. They have a very feisty mother. In fact the most protective hen I’ve seen. It will be interesting what sort of mother she turns out to be. The variety of personalities even among hens is remarkable. Here at a man and his hoe®, the chickens have the space and freedom to let their personalities bloom.

The Importance of Herbs

Herbs serve many useful purposes. Besides enhancing the flavors of dishes and providing vitamins and minerals, borders of perennial provide habitat for spiders and beneficial insects. When the flower, they attract hordes of bees which then pollinate flowering fruit trees and vegetables.

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The rosemary is now blooming and the oregano is growing vigorously. Not far behind are parsley, marjoram, and lavender. Soon, delicate sweet annie will be scenting the entire garden with its fragrance.